NAME

     dcray  - performs seismic ray trace modeling in horizontally
     layered isotropic, earth


SYNOPSIS

     dcray [ -Nntap ] [ -Ootap ]  [  -Wwtap  ]  [  -nsnsamp  ]  [
     -ntntrc ] [ -sinsi ] [ -xminxmin ] [ -xmaxxmax ] [ -f1f1 ] [
     -f2f2 ] [ -f3f3 ] [ -f4f4 ] [ -nintnint ] [ -npsnps ] [ -V ]
     [ -? ] [ -h ]


DESCRIPTION

     dcray computes a synthetic seismogram based on downward con-
     tinuation  principles  in  a  horizontally layered isotropic
     earth.

     The complete  Knott-Zoeppritz  reflection  coefficients  are
     used  throughout  the  program and, due to the nature of the
     computational algorithm, cross-over events are automatically
     incorporated.   Post-critical   phase   rotations  are  also
     included as are 4th order NMO effects. Because  the  program
     is  very  efficient, Backus averaging to decrease the number
     of layers is not required. Thousands of layers may be  input
     to the program.

     dcray gets both its data and  its  parameters  from  command
     line  arguments.  These arguments specify the input, output,
     the number of traces and samples, the sample  interval,  the
     minimum  and the maximum offsets, the source wavelet in fre-
     quency domain (an Ormsby wavelet described with four  corner
     frequencies:   f1,f2,f3,  and  f4), the number of interfaces
     (NumberOfLayers - 1), and the number of horizontal  slowness
     values  (the  number  of  p's  to do ray tracing. This is an
     independent value from  number  of  traces,  but  number  of
     traces  must be greater than or equal to the number of p's.)
     to do ray tracing.  The  suggested  largest  frequency,  f4,
     for  the  wavelet should be no larger than about  1/3 of the
     Nyquist frequency.

  Command line arguments
     -N ntap
          Enter the input data set name or file immediately after
          typing -N unless the input is from a pipe in which case
          the -N entry must be omitted.  This input  file  should
          include the complete path name if the file resides in a
          different directory.  Example -N/b/vsp/dummy tells  the
          program to look for file 'dummy' in directory '/b/vsp'.
          This file is an ASCII file and contains  four  columns;
          Depth,  Vp (P-wave velocity), Vs (S-wave velocity), and
          Rho (density).
          An example format may be as the following:
          200 6000 3000 2.24
          220 6500 3100 2.22
          The depth is the  distance  from  the  surface  to  the
          interface.  The  units  may  be  in  meters or feet but
          should be consistent with  the  exception  of  density.
          The density must be in gr/cm^3.

     -O otap
          Enter the output data  set  name  or  file  immediately
          after typing -O.  This output file is not required when
          piping the output to another process.  The output  data
          set  also requires the full path name (see above). This
          is a sis formatted data file that contains  the  output
          synthetic seismogram.

     -W wtap
          Enter  the  name  of  the  file  that  contains  source
          waveform,  if  it  exists, immediately after typing -O.
          This input file  has  two  columns;  first  column  the
          values  of the wavelet, second ASCII flags. These flags
          can only be n or p. As in the following example:
               5.76936E-05        n
               2.59151E-04        n
               6.59444E-04        n
               1.36931E-03        n
               2.55024E-03        n
               4.32851E-03        n
               6.68172E-03        n
               9.40006E-03        n
               1.21878E-02        n
               1.48614E-02        n
               1.50000E-02        p
               1.48614E-02        n
               1.21878E-02        n
               9.40006E-03        n
               6.68172E-03        n
               4.32851E-03        n
               2.55024E-03        n
               1.36931E-03        n
               6.59444E-04        n
               2.59151E-04        n
               5.76936E-05        n
          p shows the symmetry  axis  where  you  would  like  to
          center  your  reflection  coefficient  and n stands for
          nuetral values.

     -ns nsamp
          Number of samples in the output seismogram.  Default  =
          none

     -nt ntrc
          Number of output traces.  Default = none


     -si si
          Sample interval in  mils.  Minimum  is  1  millisecond.
          Default = 1

     -xmin xmin
          Distance between source and the first receiver in  shot
          gathers  or  the  smallest  shot-receiver distance in a
          cdp. Units  should  be  consistent  with  the  velocity
          units. Default = 0

     -xmax xmax
          Distance between source and the last receiver  in  shot
          gathers or the largest shot-receiver distance in a cdp.
          Units should be consistent  with  the  velocity  units.
          Default = 20000

     -f1 f1
          The first corner frequency value of the Ormsby  wavelet
          in Hertz. Default = 5.

     -f2 f2
          The second corner frequency value of the Ormsby wavelet
          in Hertz. Default = 10.

     -f3 f3
          The third corner frequency value of the Ormsby  wavelet
          in Hertz. Default = 40.

     -f4 f4
          The fourth corner frequency value of the Ormsby wavelet
          in Hertz. Default = 60.

     -nint nint
          The number of interfaces (NumberOfLayers-1). Default  =
          1.

     -nps nps
          The number of horizontal slowness (p) values to perform
          ray  tracing.  This  value  should not exceed the value
          given for the number of traces.  In most cases 10, is a
          good choice.  Default = 10.

     -V   Enter the command line argument '-V' to get  additional
          printout.

     -?/-h
          Enter the command line  argument  '-?'  or  -h  to  get
          online  help.  The  program  terminates  after the help
          screen is printed.


BUGS

     unknown


AUTHOR

     Matt Hakan Karazincir, Amoco-EPTG


COPYRIGHT

     copyright 2001, Amoco Production Company
               All Rights Reserved
          an affiliate of BP America Inc.














































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