NAME

     pred - module to  do  predictive  deconvolution  on  seismic
     traces


SYNOPSIS

     pred [ -Nntap ] [ -Ootap ] [ -Fotap2 ] [ -ppr ] [ -olol ]  [
     -Pprew  ]  [  -vsvel  ]  [  -vevel  ] [ -sist ] [ -eiend ] [
     -nsnstr ] [ -nenetr ] [ -rsnrst ] [ -renred  ]  [  -TV  ]  [
     -wlslide  ]  [  -G  ]  [  -S ] [ -C ] [ -B ] [ -W ] [ -H ] [
     -hwhdrwrd ] [ -flt ] [ -V ] [ -? ]


DESCRIPTION

     pred  does  predictive  deconvolution  of  selected  seismic
     traces  and  will  generate  either  the standard prediction
     error output or optionally the predictable part of the  sig-
     nal.  The prediction filter is designed within a user speci-
     fied window defined by a start times derived by  four  basic
     options described below.

     Pred gets both its data and its parameters from command line
     arguments.   These  arguments specify the input, output, the
     design window, the start and end traces, and  verbose  prin-
     tout, if desired.

     The record and trace limits specify what part of each record
     or what part of the line is to be precessed through the pro-
     gram.   The  data  outside  these  limits  will  be   passed
     untouched.

  Command line arguments
     -N ntap
          Enter the input data set name or file immediately after
          typing -N unless the input is from a pipe in which case
          the -N entry must be omitted.  This input  file  should
          include the complete path name if the file resides in a
          different directory.  Example -N/b/vsp/dummy tells  the
          program to look for file 'dummy' in directory '/b/vsp'.

     -O otap
          Enter the output data  set  name  or  file  immediately
          after typing -O.  This output file is not required when
          piping the output to another process.  The output  data
          set also requires the full path name (see above).

     -F otap2
          Enter the optional file name for the  prediction  error
          filter.   Each  trace will corrspond to the filter com-
          puted based on the input trace;  the number of  samples
          is  arbitrarily set to be twice the number of points in
          the filter.  By using program lsqinv the filter can  be
          inverted to get the wavelet (see also minent). Note: if
          -ns/-ne/-rs/-re limits are specified  then  the  filter
          output  will  ve  set  to zero for traces outside these
          limits.

     -p pr
          This is the wavelet length or the  prediction  distance
          in  ms (if pr is greater than or equal to zero) or zero
          crossings (if pr less than zero). An entry of 0 ms will
          result in a unit prediction filter being applied.  Care
          should be taken to make this entry correspond  approxi-
          mately to the nth zero crossing of the trace (using the
          zero crossing option is not always a guarantee).   Run-
          ning auto -L[] | zeco | xgraph can be very diagnostic.

     -ol ol
          Enter the operator length in  ms.   This  entry  should
          span the multiple period of interest.

     -P prew
          Enter the prewhitening as a fraction.  This  is  neces-
          sary to prevent numerical instabilities in the calcula-
          tions.  The effect on the output traces  of  increasing
          prew  is an overall smoothing of the data.  The default
          is .01.

     -s ist
          Enter the start time of the design window.  The default
          is the beginning of the trace.  The design window start
          time can be:
          (1) a constant value (read off the command line),
          (2) be driven by a constant value + times derived  from
          trace  distances  and  a user supplied velocity (see -v
          command entry below),
          (3) be driven by a constant value + time extracted from
          a header word in each trace (use recshift or flatten to
          insert xsd pick times), or
          (4) be driven by a constant value + times derived  from
          the water depth trace header entry and the user defined
          velocity below.  Only one of the above 4 choices can be
          made.
          Any combination of the above options  will  also  work,
          the  only  restriction is that only one velocity can be
          used.
          The start time units must be consistent with the  input
          sample interval.

     -e iend
          Enter the end time of the design window.   The  default
          is the end of the trace.

     -vs svel
          Enter the design window start velocity in  m  or  ft/s.
          Default is infinite velocity or constant start time for
          each trace.

     -ve evel
          Enter the design window end  velocity  in  m  or  ft/s.
          Default  is  infinite velocity or constant end time for
          each trace.

     -ns nstr
          Enter the start process trace  number.   Trace  numbers
          below this value will not be processed.  The default is
          1.

     -ne netr
          Enter the end  process  trace  number.   Trace  numbers
          above this value will not be processed.  The default is
          the last trace number on the input data set.

     -rs nrst
          Enter start process record number. Record numbers below
          this value will not be processed.  Default value is the
          first record.

     -re nred
          Enter end process record number. Record  numbers  above
          this  value  will  not  be processed.  Default value is
          last record.

     -TV  Enter the command line argument  '-TV'  to  apply  time
          varying   predictive   decon  (see  required  parameter
          below).  With this option all design window  parameters
          above  still  apply  although the decon is applied only
          within the design window. The -G, -S options below  and
          the optional operator output above are ignored.

     -w lslide
          Enter length (ms) of the sliding window.  Effectively a
          decon is done for each window postion on the trace; the
          window is moved down by 1/2 its length and the decon is
          computed  again.   The  individual  results  are merged
          together by linear interpolation.  To see large effects
          the  sliding  window  length  should be longer than the
          operator length.

     -G   Enter the command line argument '-G' to apply the decon
          operator  only  within  the  design  window.  Sometimes
          better results can be obtained with this option if  the
          data  are first approximately nmo-flattened (primary or
          multiples), decon'd, then nmo-unflattened.  This causes
          the  multiple  periods  to be more stable with time and
          range and therefore result  in  less  manifestation  of
          seams cutting across events corresponding to the design
          window boundaries.

     -S   Enter the command line  argument  '-S'  to  output  the
          predictable  part of the signal, otherwise the standard
          unpredictable part or prediction error will be  output.
          With this option you cannot use the -G option above.

     -C   Enter the command line argument '-C'  to  apply  cosine
          bell taper to the autocorrelation

     -B   Enter the command line argument '-B' to apply  bartlett
          (linear) taper to the autocorrelation

     -W   Enter the command line argument '-W' to key  the  start
          time  to  the  trace header entry for water depth above
          cdpth point.  The actual window start time will be  the
          sum  of  this  time and the command line constant start
          time  If this option is turned on and the user does not
          supply  a  velocity  (-vs[])  the  line header entry is
          examined for a valid velocity (program quits if this is
          not found).

     -H   Enter the command line argument '-H' to key  the  start
          time  on  the  time  found in the header word specified
          below.

     -hw hdrwrd
          Enter trace header word mnemonic containing design win-
          dow  start time.  The actual start time will be the sum
          of this time and the command line constant start time.

     -flt Enter the command line argument  '-flt'  if  the  -hw[]
          header  work  is  in a floating point trace header slot
          (for instance those created using the Landmark  horizon
          extraction  program  lm3dhrztosis or its Geoquest coun-
          terpart iesx3dhrztosis).

     -V   Enter the command line argument '-V' to get  additional
          printout.

     -?   Enter the command line  argument  '-?'  to  get  online
          help.   The program terminates after the help screen is
          printed.


NOTE 1:

     If the line header value SmpInt>16, it is assumed to  be  in
     microseconds  rather  than in milliseconds. All command line
     arguments are in milliseconds.


SEE ALSO

     taupred, avepred, arde, minent, recshift, flatten


COPYRIGHT

     copyright 2001, Amoco Production Company
               All Rights Reserved
          an affiliate of BP America Inc.



















































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