NAME

     vred  - make reduced velocity traces (linear NMO)


SYNOPSIS

     vred [ -Nntap ] [ -Ootap ] [ [ -vredvred  ]  [  -vvtap  ]  [
     -threed  ]  ]  [  -tit0  ]  [  -Tnpadend  ]  [ -U ] [ -V ] [
     -swstawrd ] [ -uunit ] [ -tmultmul ] [ -dmuldmul ] [ -nsns ]
     [ -nene ] [ -rsrs ] [ -rere ] [ -? ]


DESCRIPTION

     vred processes entire trace records at a time, performing  a
     time  shift  to  yield  a  reduced travel time curve (linear
     moveout). This is done either by entering a constant  reduc-
     tion  velocity vred  or by inputting a velocity tape (in the
     case of the tape the first sample of each velocity trace  is
     used for the reduction velocity).  The input traces are then
     time shifted with the velocity and offset and the -t parame-
     ter.  The  traces  are of the same length as originally, but
     the shifted traces have a zero fill at the start and/or  the
     end  (if  an  end  pad is requested).  NOTE: this routine is
     ideal for flattening a record based on  a  refraction  velo-
     city.  By  entering the -U flag with the otherwise same com-
     mand line it can (in this case the zero pad is removed).  If
     the  input  data are 3D and the order is unsorted, e.g. shot
     data, then as long as the input data  have  valid  LI  &  DI
     numbers  in  the trace headers appropriate for the CDP cells
     then the flattening velocities can be applied in  a  surface
     consistent  manner (as long as the velocity volume is in the
     proper LI/DI order).

     One of the purposes of this module is to  deal  with  linear
     events  either  to  flatten  them for filtering (fkstrip) or
     display or to move them into a dip quadrant  different  from
     other  events to be followed by dip quadrant filtering (e.g.
     qdchop).

     The shifts are basically offset dependent statics applied to
     each trace independent of any other. The shifting process is
     done in the frequency domain and so is  exact.  The  process
     results in no changes to the wavelets of the traces.

     vred gets processing controls from the command line. Reason-
     able  defaults  are  set up. In addition, if no file name is
     given, the binary trace data are expected to be on the stan-
     dard input.

  Command line arguments
     -N ntap
          Enter the full path of the  file  continuing  the  data
          set.  If  not specified, input is expected on the stan-
          dard input. If standard input  is  not  specified,  and
          there  is  no  input,  e.g., program run in background,
          expect a  very  ungracious  crash.   (default  standard
          input)

     -O otap
          Enter the full path of the file containing  the  output
          file. If not specified, the output goes to the standard
          output.

     -vred vred
          Constant reduction velocity in ft/s or  m/s  A  nonzero
          value  must  be  entered although it may be positive or
          negative. One can go full circle with vred by executing
          first  with  a  positive  velocity  followed at a later
          stage in the processing by executing  with  a  negative
          velocity.

     -v vtap
          Enter optional velocity tape data set name. This option
          will  override the constant velocity command line argu-
          ment. The input data gathers  should  be  in  the  same
          order as the velocity traces (even for 3D data). If the
          program runs out of velocity traces before the  end  of
          input data a warning is issued and the last velocity is
          used. For unsorted 3D data with  proper  LI/DI  numbers
          (CDP cell numbers) red can still be used as long as the
          CDP velocity volume has the correct number of LI  &  DI
          dimensions.  In  the unsorted case if the program tries
          to find a velocity outside the LI/DI dimensions it will
          stop.

     -threed
          Include on command line if 3D data  is  unsorted,  e.g.
          shots.  The data must have valid LI & DI numbers in the
          trace headers (see program li_di). The


     -t it0
          Enter a distance constant time shift in ms.  This  will
          zero pad the first it0 ms of each trace prior to apply-
          ing the reduction velocity.  This time shift is  stored
          in  the  line  header such that a second initiat ion of
          vred with the same command line as before  will  output
          data  whic  h  has  this shift removed.  You should use
          this option if you intend to go full cir cle with  vred
          (i.e. first vred with a velocity followed some process-
          ing step s later with vred with the same  command  line
          entries  plus  -U)  and  the  reduction velocity is low
          enough to risk chopping off some of the higher velocity
          events on the record.  Default = none

     -T npadend
          Enter trailing trace pad in ms.  Default = none

     -U   Include on command line to undo a prior vred  run.   To
          undo  properly  use  exactly  th  e  same  command line
          entries as before but include the -U entry.

     -sw stawrd
          (Optional) Enter trace header word  mnemonic  to  store
          shifts for each trace. Defaul t is not to store shifts.
          This is not necessary for the undo function which opera
          tes  on  its own.  After a forward and reverse vred the
          resulting shift is computed by summing the  shift  from
          the  forward  mode  (negative)  and the current reverse
          shif t.  The result is stored in the  specified  header
          word.

     -u unit
          (Optional) Enter scale factor to apply  to  the  shifts
          before  storing  them  as intege rs in the trace header
          mnemonic above.  Default = 1.0

     -tmul tmul
          Time multiplier. This can be used to fake  out  oddball
          time units, e.g. ms -> micro secs. Default = 1.0

     -dmul dmul
          Distance multiplier. This can be used to fake out  odd-
          ball  distance  units,  e.g. inc hes -> feet. Default =
          1.0

     -ns ns
          Start trace (default = first trace).

     -ne ne
          End trace (default = last trace).

     -rs rs
          Start record (default = first record).

     -re re
          End record (default = last record).

     -V   Verbose mode with output on the standard error output.

     -?   Enter the command line  argument  '-?'  to  get  online
          help.  The  program terminates after the help screen is
          printed.


BUGS

     unknown


SEE ALSO

     velspec, fkstrip, picker


AUTHOR

     R. B. Herrmann, Saint Louis University,  July  1985,  P.  R.
     Gutowski, Amoco , extensively modified to include interpola-
     tion by Kurt Marfurt & Paul Gutowski, EPTG, 1995


COPYRIGHT

     copyright 2001, Amoco Production Company
               All Rights Reserved
          an affiliate of BP America Inc.












































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